Space Archive | Afterburner - MiGFlug's Magazine https://migflug.com/jetflights/category/space/ for those interested in flying military jets and aviation related topics Fri, 17 Jul 2026 08:40:35 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0.2 Fighter Pilot Training in Mirage III – 1970s, Switzerland https://migflug.com/jetflights/fighter-pilot-training-in-mirage-iii-1970s-switzerland/ Sat, 14 Dec 2024 11:51:38 +0000 https://migflug.com/jetflights/?p=3909 The Mirage Fighter Jet and Switzerland: A Historic Partnership The Dassault Mirage fighter jets hold a special place in the history of military aviation. Renowned for their innovative design and tactical capabilities, they were not only a hallmark of French engineering but also became an integral part of Switzerland’s defense strategy during the Cold War. […]

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The Mirage Fighter Jet and Switzerland: A Historic Partnership

The Dassault Mirage fighter jets hold a special place in the history of military aviation. Renowned for their innovative design and tactical capabilities, they were not only a hallmark of French engineering but also became an integral part of Switzerland's defense strategy during the Cold War.

Switzerland's Adoption of the Mirage

In the 1960s, Switzerland sought to modernize its air force with cutting-edge fighter jets capable of protecting its neutral airspace amidst growing geopolitical tensions. The Swiss government selected the Dassault Mirage III, a delta-wing aircraft celebrated for its speed, versatility, and all-weather interception capabilities. The deal included a plan to assemble and produce components of the aircraft locally, marking a significant milestone in Switzerland's aerospace industry.

The Mirage Affair

Switzerland’s acquisition of the Mirage III was not without controversy. What began as a straightforward procurement escalated into a political and financial scandal known as the "Mirage Affair." The original plan was to purchase 100 Mirage IIIs for a cost of 871 million Swiss francs. However, unforeseen costs related to modifications for Swiss-specific requirements, such as enhanced radar systems and armament, caused the budget to skyrocket. By 1964, the program’s cost had ballooned to over 2.4 billion Swiss francs, leading to public outcry and parliamentary investigations. The scandal exposed issues of mismanagement and poor oversight, ultimately resulting in the resignation of key officials and a reduction in the order to 57 aircraft.

Strategic Role in Swiss Defense

Despite its tumultuous introduction, the Mirage III became a cornerstone of Swiss air defense. The aircraft was well-suited for Switzerland’s alpine terrain, with its high-speed performance and capability to intercept intruding aircraft at various altitudes. Swiss Mirage IIIs were operated by the Swiss Air Force from the late 1960s until their gradual phase-out in the early 2000s. During their service, these jets underwent several upgrades, including advanced avionics and electronic warfare systems, ensuring their relevance in an era of rapid technological advancements.

Legacy and Impact

The Mirage III’s legacy in Switzerland extends beyond its military service. The "Mirage Affair" prompted significant reforms in defense procurement processes, leading to greater transparency and accountability. Moreover, the production and maintenance of the Mirage fleet bolstered Switzerland’s aerospace industry, fostering technological innovation and expertise that continue to benefit the nation today. The story of the Mirage fighter jets in Switzerland is a fascinating chapter in aviation history, illustrating the complexities of military procurement and the enduring impact of technological advancements.  

Related Questions

What was the Dassault Mirage III?

The Dassault Mirage III is a French-built delta-wing fighter from the Cold War era, prized for its speed, versatility, and all-weather interception. Built by France's Dassault, it was flown by record-setting test pilots such as Jacqueline Auriol and adopted by several nations, including Switzerland.

When did Switzerland adopt the Mirage III?

Switzerland selected the Dassault Mirage III in the 1960s to modernise its air force and protect its neutral airspace. The deal included assembling and producing components locally, a milestone for the Swiss aerospace industry, and the jets served from the late 1960s into the early 2000s.

What was the Swiss Mirage Affair?

The "Mirage Affair" was a Swiss political and financial scandal over the Mirage III purchase. An original plan to buy 100 jets for 871 million Swiss francs ballooned to over 2.4 billion francs by 1964, triggering parliamentary investigations, official resignations, and a cut in the order to 57 aircraft.

How many Mirage III jets did Switzerland buy?

Switzerland originally planned to buy 100 Mirage IIIs, but cost overruns during the Mirage Affair forced the order down to 57 aircraft. The fleet was later upgraded with advanced avionics and electronic warfare systems to stay effective into the early 2000s.

Why was the Mirage III suited to Switzerland?

The Mirage III's high speed and ability to intercept intruding aircraft at various altitudes suited Switzerland's alpine terrain and neutral-airspace defence. It became a cornerstone of Swiss air defence despite its troubled, scandal-marred introduction.

What replaced the Swiss Mirage III?

The Swiss Air Force phased out the Mirage III in the early 2000s as newer types took over. Switzerland has continued modernising and more recently selected the F-35A as its next-generation fighter, though that programme has faced its own cost debates.

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High Range Incident and the history of X-15 https://migflug.com/jetflights/the-north-american-x-15/ Tue, 13 Jun 2023 19:44:35 +0000 https://migflug.com/jetflights/?p=3830 The story we are about to tell you today is closely connected to everything we love about aviation: risk, exploration of the unknown, and overcoming barriers that once seemed insurmountable. The legendary X-15 rocket plane, which continues to captivate aviation enthusiasts worldwide, was destined to become the central figure in this tragic incident. Goals and […]

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Goals and challenges Many are likely aware that the X-15 was an experimental aircraft with the task of not only achieving new levels of hypersonic speed or suborbital space flight. Above all, the goal of this engineering marvel was to conduct previously impossible research that would elevate aviation to an entirely new level. Test flights of the X-15, conducted to gather new information and subsequently upgrade the model, exposed pilots to extraordinary risks. Each flight was akin to plunging into an abyss, mysterious and full of uncharted secrets. As this rocket plane was a pioneer in the field of hypersonic and suborbital flights, the pilots had to face challenges no one had ever encountered before.

High Range Incident

On November 15, 1967, Major Michael J. Adams, a pilot and astronaut of the United States Air Force, was at the controls of the X-15A-3 during a research flight. He reached a maximum altitude of approximately 266,000 feet (50.4 miles) and a speed of 5.3 Mach (3,617 miles per hour). After achieving these milestones, the decision was made to initiate descent for landing. However, things didn't go as smoothly as desired. As mentioned earlier, flights at such speeds and altitudes were associated with serious dangers at the time and required incredible pilot qualifications and impeccable technical condition of the aircraft. But what went wrong? Ice fragments accumulating on the wings and tail of the X-15 distorted its aerodynamic characteristics and posed a serious threat to further flight. The pilot realized immediate action was necessary to avert disaster. He activated the de-icing system, which utilized special heating elements integrated into the structure of the wings and tail of the aircraft. However, despite the de-icing system being activated, the ice fragments continued to accumulate and hinder the normal functioning of the X-15. In addition to all the aforementioned factors, the pilot also faced dreadful aerodynamic loads. Due to these loads, Michael J. Adams lost consciousness, and shortly after, the aircraft began to disintegrate, leading to the catastrophe and claiming the pilot's life.

Conclusions and Research

The "High-Range Incident" demonstrated the risks and challenges associated with pushing the boundaries of aerospace technologies. It serves as a reminder of the bravery and dedication of the test pilots involved in the X-15 program, who willingly ventured into uncharted territories to expand our understanding of flight and space exploration. Despite the tragedy associated with the High Range Incident, the X-15 program continued to make innovative contributions to aviation and space research. It remains a testament to the pioneering spirit of exploration and the pursuit of scientific knowledge, while also serving as a reminder of the risks and sacrifices inherent in pushing the boundaries of human capabilities.

The history of X-15

Birth of a Legend

In the 1950s, the X-15 was born from the ambitious dreams of NASA and the USAF. This rocket-powered aircraft was designed to venture into hypersonic flight, combining advanced technology with a daring spirit.

Supersonic Speed and Beyond

With its sleek design and unmatched power, the X-15 set numerous speed records from 1959 to 1968. Pilots reached mind-boggling speeds, exceeding Mach 6, pushing the boundaries of what was possible. These daring flights provided crucial data for supersonic and hypersonic flight development.

Reaching for the Stars

Beyond breaking the sound barrier, the X-15 played a pivotal role in early human space exploration. Equipped with a reaction control system, it maneuvered in space. Remarkably, it still holds the altitude record of 354,200 feet (67 miles), earning its pilots prestigious astronaut wings.

The Courageous Pilots

Highly skilled test pilots risked their lives to push flight limits. Legends like Neil Armstrong and Joe Engle piloted the X-15, showing bravery and dedication to advancing aerospace technology. Legacy and Impact: The X-15's contributions to aviation and space exploration are immense. Its design and achievements paved the way for modern high-speed aircraft and spacecraft. The data collected influenced the Space Shuttle and subsequent spacecraft, making it a crucial steppingstone.

Exploration and Possibilities

The North American X-15 showcases human ingenuity and the pursuit of knowledge. Its daring flights and accomplishments expanded our understanding of flight and propelled us closer to space. The X-15's legacy lives on, a testament to the spirit of exploration and limitless possibilities of aviation and aerospace technology.
    More information: NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: X-15 Hypersonic Research Program | NASA X-15: The plane that helped create the Space Shuttle - BBC Future Related post: SR-71 Pilot trolls bragging F-18 Pilot | MiGFlug.com Blog  

Related Questions

What was the North American X-15?

The North American X-15 was an American rocket-powered experimental aircraft of the 1950s and 60s, built to explore hypersonic and near-space flight. Air-launched from a B-52, it set records for crewed speed and altitude that still stand, reaching the edge of space.

How fast and high did the X-15 fly?

The X-15 reached about Mach 6.7 — nearly seven times the speed of sound — and climbed to over 100 kilometres, the boundary of space. These remain among the fastest and highest flights ever made by a crewed, winged aircraft, far beyond jets like the SR-71 Blackbird.

Did any X-15 pilots die?

Yes. Pilot Michael J. Adams was killed on 15 November 1967 when his X-15 developed control problems at extreme speed and broke apart during descent. It was the only fatal accident in the X-15 program, and Adams was posthumously recognised as an astronaut for his high-altitude flights.

Why was the X-15 important?

The X-15 gathered priceless data on hypersonic speed, aerodynamic heating and control at the edge of space — knowledge that fed directly into the US space program and later spacecraft design. Several of its pilots, including Neil Armstrong, went on to fame in aviation and spaceflight.

How did the X-15 take off and land?

The X-15 could not take off on its own. It was carried aloft under the wing of a modified B-52 bomber and released at altitude, then fired its rocket engine. After its brief, blazing flight, it glided back to land on a dry lakebed at high speed.

What dangers did X-15 pilots face?

X-15 pilots flew at the absolute edge of known performance, facing intense heating, crushing aerodynamic loads and the risk of losing control in thin air — hazards echoed in other test programs, such as the icing crash of the X-31. Each flight pushed into genuinely unknown territory.

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SR-71 Pilot trolls bragging F-18 Pilot https://migflug.com/jetflights/sr-71-pilot-trolls-bragging-f-18-pilot/ https://migflug.com/jetflights/sr-71-pilot-trolls-bragging-f-18-pilot/#comments Wed, 20 Jul 2016 14:17:00 +0000 http://www.migflug.com/jetflights/?p=3156 As you probably know the SR-71 Blackbird was the fastest plane in the world, at least when we do not take rocket planed into account (otherwise the winner would be the X-15). There is a funny story about the Blackbird – coming from “Sled Driver” – a sold out book by Blackbird pilot Brian Shul. […]

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As you probably know the SR-71 Blackbird was the fastest plane in the world, at least when we do not take rocket planed into account (otherwise the winner would be the X-15). There is a funny story about the Blackbird - coming from "Sled Driver" - a sold out book by Blackbird pilot Brian Shul. We don't really know if it's true, but it makes for a great story anyway:

SR-71 Blackbird

SR-71 Blackbird

There were a lot of things we couldn’t do in an SR-71, but we were the fastest guys on the block and loved reminding our fellow aviators of this fact. People often asked us if, because of this fact, it was fun to fly the jet. Fun would not be the first word I would use to describe flying this plane. Intense, maybe. Even cerebral. But there was one day in our Sled experience when we would have to say that it was pure fun to be the fastest guys out there, at least for a moment. It occurred when Walt and I were flying our final training sortie. We needed 100 hours in the jet to complete our training and attain Mission Ready status. Somewhere over Colorado we had passed the century mark. We had made the turn in Arizona and the jet was performing flawlessly. My gauges were wired in the front seat and we were starting to feel pretty good about ourselves, not only because we would soon be flying real missions but because we had gained a great deal of confidence in the plane in the past ten months. Ripping across the barren deserts 80,000 feet below us, I could already see the coast of California from the Arizona border. I was, finally, after many humbling months of simulators and study, ahead of the jet. I was beginning to feel a bit sorry for Walter in the back seat. There he was, with no really good view of the incredible sights before us, tasked with monitoring four different radios. This was good practice for him for when we began flying real missions, when a priority transmission from headquarters could be vital. It had been difficult, too, for me to relinquish control of the radios, as during my entire flying career I had controlled my own transmissions. But it was part of the division of duties in this plane and I had adjusted to it. I still insisted on talking on the radio while we were on the ground, however. Walt was so good at many things, but he couldn’t match my expertise at sounding smooth on the radios, a skill that had been honed sharply with years in fighter squadrons where the slightest radio miscue was grounds for beheading. He understood that and allowed me that luxury. Just to get a sense of what Walt had to contend with, I pulled the radio toggle switches and monitored the frequencies along with him. The predominant radio chatter was from Los Angeles Center, far below us, controlling daily traffic in their sector. While they had us on their scope (albeit briefly), we were in uncontrolled airspace and normally would not talk to them unless we needed to descend into their airspace. *Continue reading below*

We listened as the shaky voice of a lone Cessna pilot asked Center for a readout of his ground speed. Center replied: “November Charlie 175, I’m showing you at ninety knots on the ground.” Now the thing to understand about Center controllers, was that whether they were talking to a rookie pilot in a Cessna, or to Air Force One, they always spoke in the exact same, calm, deep, professional, tone that made one feel important. I referred to it as the ” Houston Center voice.” I have always felt that after years of seeing documentaries on this country’s space program and listening to the calm and distinct voice of the Houston controllers, that all other controllers since then wanted to sound like that, and that they basically did. And it didn’t matter what sector of the country we would be flying in, it always seemed like the same guy was talking. Over the years that tone of voice had become somewhat of a comforting sound to pilots everywhere. Conversely, over the years, pilots always wanted to ensure that, when transmitting, they sounded like Chuck Yeager, or at least like John Wayne. Better to die than sound bad on the radios. Just moments after the Cessna’s inquiry, a Twin Beech piped up on frequency, in a rather superior tone, asking for his ground speed. “I have you at one hundred and twenty-five knots of ground speed.” Boy, I thought, the Beechcraft really must think he is dazzling his Cessna brethren. Then out of the blue, a navy F-18 pilot out of NAS Lemoore came up on frequency. You knew right away it was a Navy jock because he sounded very cool on the radios. “Center, Dusty 52 ground speed check”. Before Center could reply, I’m thinking to myself, hey, Dusty 52 has a ground speed indicator in that million-dollar cockpit, so why is he asking Center for a readout? Then I got it, ol’ Dusty here is making sure that every bug smasher from Mount Whitney to the Mojave knows what true speed is. He’s the fastest dude in the valley today, and he just wants everyone to know how much fun he is having in his new Hornet. And the reply, always with that same, calm, voice, with more distinct alliteration than emotion: “Dusty 52, Center, we have you at 620 on the ground.” And I thought to myself, is this a ripe situation, or what? As my hand instinctively reached for the mic button, I had to remind myself that Walt was in control of the radios. Still, I thought, it must be done – in mere seconds we’ll be out of the sector and the opportunity will be lost. That Hornet must die, and die now. I thought about all of our Sim training and how important it was that we developed well as a crew and knew that to jump in on the radios now would destroy the integrity of all that we had worked toward becoming. I was torn. Somewhere, 13 miles above Arizona, there was a pilot screaming inside his space helmet. Then, I heard it. The click of the mic button from the back seat. That was the very moment that I knew Walter and I had become a crew. Very professionally, and with no emotion, Walter spoke: “Los Angeles Center, Aspen 20, can you give us a ground speed check?” There was no hesitation, and the replay came as if was an everyday request. “Aspen 20, I show you at one thousand eight hundred and forty-two knots, across the ground.” I think it was the forty-two knots that I liked the best, so accurate and proud was Center to deliver that information without hesitation, and you just knew he was smiling. But the precise point at which I knew that Walt and I were going to be really good friends for a long time was when he keyed the mic once again to say, in his most fighter-pilot-like voice: “Ah, Center, much thanks, we’re showing closer to nineteen hundred on the money.” For a moment Walter was a god. And we finally heard a little crack in the armor of the Houston Center voice, when L.A. came back with, “Roger that Aspen, Your equipment is probably more accurate than ours. You boys have a good one.” It all had lasted for just moments, but in that short, memorable sprint across the southwest, the Navy had been flamed, all mortal airplanes on freq were forced to bow before the King of Speed, and more importantly, Walter and I had crossed the threshold of being a crew. A fine day’s work. We never heard another transmission on that frequency all the way to the coast. For just one day, it truly was fun being the fastest guys out there. 

Related Questions

What is the SR-71 "ground speed check" story?

The "ground speed check" is a famous anecdote from SR-71 pilot Brian Shul's book "Sled Driver." As various aircraft asked air traffic control for their speed, Shul's crew requested a check too — and the controller reported a ground speed well over 1,800 knots, far faster than anything else in the sky.

Who was Brian Shul?

Brian Shul was a US Air Force pilot who flew the SR-71 Blackbird and later wrote the acclaimed book "Sled Driver" about his experiences. A survivor of a fiery Vietnam-era crash, he became celebrated for his vivid storytelling and photography of the world's fastest jet.

How fast was the SR-71 compared to other aircraft?

The SR-71 was the fastest air-breathing crewed aircraft ever, cruising above Mach 3 — roughly three times the speed of a typical airliner and faster than most fighter jets. In the famous radio story, it left an F/A-18 and other aircraft far behind in any speed comparison.

Was the SR-71 the fastest aircraft ever built?

Among jet-engine aircraft, yes — but the rocket-powered North American X-15 flew far faster, reaching nearly Mach 7. The SR-71 remains the fastest air-breathing jet, while pure rocket planes hold the absolute speed records.

Is the SR-71 speed check story true?

No one can fully verify it, and even Shul presented it as a great tale rather than documented fact. Still, it captures the real pride of Blackbird crews, who genuinely flew the fastest jet on Earth and loved reminding other pilots of it.

Why do pilots love the SR-71 Blackbird?

The SR-71 combined record-breaking speed, striking looks and an aura of secrecy that captivated aviators and the public alike. Decades after retirement it remains a legend, regularly ranked among the most beautiful and impressive aircraft ever built.

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How to become an Astronaut https://migflug.com/jetflights/how-to-become-an-astronaut/ https://migflug.com/jetflights/how-to-become-an-astronaut/#comments Tue, 15 Dec 2015 10:01:13 +0000 http://www.migflug.com/jetflights/?p=3020 A guide to become an Astronaut Similar to being a fighter pilot – Astronaut is one of the top childhood dreams for many. Travel to Space. So much adventure, so much fame! Later on we understand that it is not that easy and become accountants and book a weightlessness flight with MiGFlug instead. Or so. Anyway […]

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A guide to become an Astronaut Similar to being a fighter pilot - Astronaut is one of the top childhood dreams for many. Travel to Space. So much adventure, so much fame! Later on we understand that it is not that easy and become accountants and book a weightlessness flight with MiGFlug instead. Or so. Anyway - it is still very interesting to see what it takes to become an Astronaut. And BBC has created some interesting content that we'd like to share with you. British ESA astronaut and former helicopter test pilot Tim Peake made it. His training took place in Star City - where MiGFlug's Zero Gravity weightlessness flights take place. In the very same plane that the astronauts and cosmonauts use for their training (you can also book all other kinds of training).

Star City

First - let's start with Tim's home at Star City near Moscow:

That bloody G-Forces!

G-Forces is a big part of Astronaut and fighter pilot training. Watch Tim Peake getting treated with 8Gs - just as a reminder, MiGFlug customers had up to 9.2Gs during the Edge of Space flight!

Flying the Russian Soyus Spacecraft

Astronaut Survival training

Underwater Astronaut training

An interesting guide of how Tim became an atronaut can be found in this nice timeline here. And if you'd like to check if you have what it takes to be an astronaut, you can do that here. We hope you enjoyed that insights. By the way - basically all trainings you have seen above can be booked with us on request. And even a MiG-29 Edge of Space flight that comes closest to what Tim will experience on his trip to ISS.

Related Questions

How do you become an astronaut?

Becoming an astronaut typically requires strong academic and technical credentials, excellent physical fitness, and rigorous selection and training — including survival training, underwater (neutral-buoyancy) practice for spacewalks, and high G-force tolerance. British ESA astronaut Tim Peake, a former helicopter test pilot, trained for his ISS mission at Star City near Moscow.

Where do astronauts train?

Major training takes place at facilities like Star City near Moscow, where Russian cosmonauts and visiting astronauts such as Tim Peake prepare. Training covers G-force exposure in a centrifuge, survival drills, and underwater simulation of spacewalks. Several of these experiences, including centrifuge and weightlessness flights, can also be booked by civilians.

What is G-force training and why do astronauts need it?

G-force training conditions the body to withstand the acceleration of launch and re-entry. Astronauts and fighter pilots ride a centrifuge to experience high G-loads — Tim Peake was filmed enduring 8G. High G strains the cardiovascular system and can cause loss of consciousness. Learn what it does to the body in what pulling 9G does to your body.

What training do astronauts do besides spaceflight skills?

Astronaut training is broad: survival training for unplanned landings in remote terrain or water, underwater neutral-buoyancy work to rehearse spacewalks, centrifuge G-force exposure, and extensive technical and systems study. Tim Peake’s path through these stages shows how much preparation precedes a mission to the International Space Station.

How high is the edge of space?

The edge of space is commonly placed at the Kármán line, about 100 km (62 miles) up, where the atmosphere is too thin for aerodynamic flight. Joe Kittinger famously jumped from the stratosphere in 1960, recounted in the man who jumped from the edge of space. A high-altitude MiG-29 flight comes closest to that view for civilians.

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